UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH BLOGS
The Office of Undergraduate Research sponsors a number of grant programs, including the Circumnavigator Club Foundation’s Around-the-World Study Grant and the Undergraduate Research Grant. Some of the students on these grants end up traveling and having a variety of amazing experiences. We wanted to give some of them the opportunity to share these experiences with the broader public. It is our hope that this opportunity to blog will deepen the experiences for these students by giving them a forum for reflection; we also hope these blogs can help open the eyes of others to those reflections/experiences as well. Through these blogs, perhaps we all can enjoy the ride as much as they will.
EXPLORE THE BLOGS
- Linguistic Sketchbook
- Birth Control Bans to Contraceptive Care
- A Global Song: Chris LaMountain’s Circumnavigator’s Blog
- Alex Robins’ 2006 Circumnavigator’s Blog
- American Sexual Assault in a Global Context
- Beyond Pro-GMO and Anti-GMO
- Chris Ahern’s 2007 Circumnavigator’s Blog
- Digital Citizen
- From Local Farms to Urban Tables
- Harris Sockel’s Circumnavigator’s Blog 2008
- Kimani Isaac: Adventures Abroad and At Home
- Sarah Rose Graber’s 2004 Circumnavigator’s Blog
- The El Sistema Expedition
- The World is a Book: A Page in Rwand
A Short Recess to Island Time
“Huh”, I thought to myself, “so that’s Canada”.
I sat and watched the submerging sun begin to streak the sky in dim yellows, burnt oranges, fading into cool turquoises, and calm violets. It reminded me of so many of the beautiful, transcendent paintings that I often would gaze upon in art museums. I always wondered how the artist managed to capture that elusive, natural beauty. It seems quite obvious now. They must have been looking at this. While I was enraptured in my own swirling thoughts, my more marine minded compatriots scurried over the nearby rocks looking for all manner of biodiversity that might be nestled between the shoreline’s stones.
Early that morning, I had begun my excursion by climbing aboard a litany of buses that carried me through northern Seattle to Mt. Vernon, followed by Skagit station, until finally depositing me at Anacortes to await my aquatic transport to my final destination: Friday Harbor, San Juan Island.
I have been “working” very “hard” over the last two weeks and thought it was high time that I saw a little more of the Evergreen State. And what better way to do so than go to a remote island that is close enough to Canada to smell the poutine. A friend of mine, working at the Friday Harbor marine biology lab, invited me to come up for an island getaway. How could I possibly refuse?
The morning slowly drifted past, fir tree after fir passing by my window as if on an endless conveyor belt. The burden of travel was easily lifted by my phone’s music library and some special caramel chews I picked up specifically for the trip. Before I knew it, I was waiting at the ferry dock in the Cheesecake Cafe which, lo and behold, sold cheesecake.
One short inhalation of cheesecake later, I found myself on a metal behemoth chugging its way towards my intended destination. Small craggy island coastlines blended into one another as I absentmindedly gazed out the window. Before I knew it, the PA system was announcing our impending arrival at the harbor. I joined the rest of the throng heading towards the vehicle deck, waiting to disembark. As I stood among that mass of people, I suddenly thought back to my ancestors arriving at Ellis Island. Heading to a new world, with little understanding of what awaited them on the other side of the voyage, a single familiar face waiting for them at the dock. I felt at one with my roots. But, hey, maybe that was the weed talking.
The gangway was lowered and, as one, we surged forward onto new land. Before I had time to begin searching, I heard my name cried out over the crowd. I turned and saw my friend moving against the tidal wave of bodies towards me. On a trip where I spend most of my time alone or talking with strangers, seeing a familiar face is quite the happy sight. As we walked towards the labs, I got a quick tour of the town of Friday Harbor. I’ll describe it to you as it was described to me: a place that cannot decide if it is a small town or a tourist local.
The rest of my evening was spent wandering around Friday Harbor Labs. I was introduced to “The Squad” and their various marine projects. Within the span of a single hour, I saw more species of aquatic life than I knew existed. I was a theatre major out of water, which, I have to admit, was quite refreshing. The rest of the evening was absorbed by the sunset hike, observing the social behavior of college marine biologists, swapping of stories, and the spinning of yarns.
The next morning, I was left to my own devices as my friend has some egg sacks that needed to be counted. Being a Northwestern student, I am very unaccustomed to this thing called “unstructured free time”. But, here I was, with several hours of it. I used this very rare and valuable time to have my own private dance party on the shore of San Juan and to start reading a book…for pleasure. What a wild concept. The rest of the afternoon was absorbed by a free tasting at a cider and gin distillery. Lavender and Rose Liqueur=a slice of heaven.
We returned to Friday Harbor and meandered around, awaiting my ferry to dock. We perused some used book stores and I somehow managed to restrain myself from taking half their play sections along with me. Once the ferry arrived, we said our goodbyes, parted ways, and I headed for the mainland.
Disembarking the ferry, I hastened to my bus stop for I knew that, due to circumstances completely out of my control, I was lagging behind schedule. Upon arriving at the station, I discovered that the bus had left without me. The final Saturday bus. Actually, the final bus for the entire weekend. Fighting the feeling of panic beginning to well up inside me, I examined my plan to get home. If I could just find my way to Skagit station, I could resume my intended route. Whipping out my phone, I tried using Lyft. “There is no service in your area”. Well, shit.
I was going to have to go old school. I dialed up the nearest taxi service, Mert’s Taxi. A frazzled dispatcher took down my ride request and said that they would have to call me back. I found the most comfortable bench that I could and began to ponder what I would do if I ended up being stranded in northern Washington for the rest of the weekend.
Thankfully, I did not have to ponder for too long. Dispatch called me back, informing me that a cab was on its way. Shortly thereafter, a car with Mert’s Taxi emblazoned across the side pulled up with none other than Mert himself behind the wheel. A father and his two young children approached the car with me, for they had also called Mert for a ride. Although the car was for me, I didn’t want the little ones to have to wait around so I offered to share.
That was how I met Briton, father of two, returning to his car bound for, you guessed it, Seattle. Instead of my hodgepodge assortment of buses and trains, my generosity landed me a free, and expedient, ride back to my homely attic.
This trip has been primarily comprised of me stumbling into adventures. What’s one more.
Your well-rested playwright,
Noah
Week 3: Another Promising Initial Result before Entering the Limbo
At the end of Week 2, given all the adjustments made in the previous two weeks, Professor Riecke and I have agreed to use MATLAB and proceed with the next stage of my URG project. As proposed in my URG proposal, I would test how better/worse does the simulated network of neurons perform in odor discrimination when we don’t just have granule cells come and go, but also their connections (i.e., synaptic strengths) with mitral cells come and go — depending on how active those connections are.
Writing code for that feature was pretty straightforward; I finished it in half a day. Once I wrote the necessary code, however, it wasn’t so obvious which values I should set to all the new variables I introduced in the code. So I spent next two or so days on running the code over and over again, with various combinations of possible values.
Meanwhile, two graduate students named John and Xize (both from China) came to work in the same office space (located in the fourth floor of Tech). Professor Riecke has decided to have me work together with John while Prof. Riecke himself goes overseas for conference (and vacation) during Weeks 4-7 of my URG period.
By the end of Week 3, the code ran without generating any errors. Also, the preliminary result from the simulated neuronal network seemed to indicate faster learning with the new feature added, with an appropriate choice of the new parameters. Upon meeting with Professor Riecke on Friday afternoon of that week, he said that I’m moving along quite faster than he had initially thought!
And that concluded the third week of the URG project, with the previously mentioned two-week break right around the corner.
Race, Sexuality, Quarter-Life Crises, and Bill T. Jones
Tuesday, July 26 – “Last Night on Earth” by Bill T. Jones
I’m gonna start this post off with a huge disclaimer: it is going to be very self-focused and personal. I also haven’t yet finished the book, but I wanted to write this post while I had the time and was in the right mindset. So here we go–
I started off today with a meeting with Professor Breen, who is lovely and endlessly helpful. I then sat on the lakefill and read for a bit, before heading up to SPAC to work out and then back home. I showered and ate lunch and now I’m writing these posts before day two of the DNC (!!!).
Honestly, I love Bill T. Jones. Granted, I haven’t gotten to the end of the book yet, but so far this book is truly beautiful. Jones writes in a manner that’s very different from any other memoir or autobiography I’ve read thus far; it almost reads like a novel. His writing is stunning, and I’d highly recommend this book to everyone, dancer or not.
Jones writes really candidly and poetically about the ways that his race and sexuality affected him and his experiences growing up. It’s often easy to forget how recent Jim Crow was, but it was not that long ago. Jones was around for that, and he’s still alive today. Some of the anecdotes and stories he tells about his race and sexuality are really beautiful and heartbreaking, which I think is sort of in everything Jones creates.
The one thing that’s super interesting to me is the notion of rituals. Tharp mentions rituals a lot in “The Creative Habit,” and Jones has already used the word four times in the book. That relationship is something I think I would love to investigate further, especially in terms of how rituals relate to race.
However, over this past weekend, I’ve been having a quarter-life crisis, and I don’t know what I want to investigate anymore. My plan has pretty much always been secondary English education; I recently also started thinking about higher education policy and management studies and other things like that. But I was pretty solidly invested in English education, and my plan was just to apply to a bunch of grad programs in anything that could possibly interest me and see what I got into and what I wanted to do. It’s always been very straightforward. But, as my sister-in-law put it, when I started college and made this plan, I didn’t think I’d be seeing videos of black people get shot by the police every other day.
See, social justice has been a pretty big theme this summer for me. It’s gotten to the point where people have started equating me with social justice, and they reach out to me for advice/answers/thoughts when they’re not sure about things, or to thank me for being outspoken. (I just want to make clear that I am, by NO means, an authority on all things social justice. I’m happy to educate when I can and I’m happy to investigate when I don’t have an answer. I’m still learning). And while going to workshops and sit-ins and marches and posting articles on Facebook and having conversations with people is all fine and dandy, I can’t help but feel like I have an obligation to do more. I am so fortunate to attend Northwestern, and I have the opportunity to use my brain to actually make concrete change in the world, so I feel like that’s something I should do.
I don’t know what this exactly looks like just yet. It might be working at a nonprofit; it might be policy writing. It might be public policy; it might be law school. I’m still investigating and researching and exploring my options and interests, but this path feels more right to me.
I still think that dance and art are so important, and if that’s the way that you want to express your thoughts or change the world, then that’s really great and really important. Those voices need to exist, and art needs to be created. I’m not entirely sure that it’s right for me anymore, though. But Jones is one of those important art-makers, and I’m really excited to explore the links between his work and society, and the through lines that connect his life and art to policy and concrete change. Who knows, maybe my entire thesis will be on race and dance.
I’ll keep you posted on this crisis. I’ll probably buy a sports car tomorrow.
Dance as Healing, Men, Travel, and Ted Shawn
Monday, July 25 – “One Thousand and One Night Stands” by Ted Shawn
I gave myself the day off of traveling/working out/coffee/real clothes/makeup, and literally did not leave all day. I watched the DNC and ate leftover pizza and drank a lot of tea. It was magnificent.
Sadly, Ted Shawn was a little bit less magnificent.
That’s not to say there’s anything wrong with Teddy or his book, but it was just not my favorite.
For starters, the VAST majority of this book was descriptions of traveling and touring and the places they stayed and the things they did and I was just not interested by that. Of course it’s a super important part of Denishawn, but it was not the most fun thing to read.
The first thing that struck me was that Ted Shawn actually started dancing as a form of physical therapy, and thereafter decided it was something he wanted to do. He started with social dancing, also. Now, this isn’t like a particularly shocking or wild thing in and of itself, but after a minute of surprise I realized why it shocked me–
it’s because in all of the books I’ve read, including the millions about St. Denis, no one mentioned what Ted Shawn did before he met Ruth.
I guess this makes sense to some degree, since the books were about Ruth and not Ted, but it was still a wild thing to realize.
Dance as PT is also a recurring theme; later in life Ted gives a woman private lessons as physical therapy and he details that. It’s important to remember that dance, whatever form it’s being used in, is always valid and important.
Finally, Ted’s life’s mission is to prove that men do dance. In fact, “Men Do Dance!” is the title of his last chapter. It’s the whole reason he created Jacob’s Pillow and his own troupe of dancing men. I think this is still a battle men in dance are fighting today (although I can’t speak for them, so if any dancing men are reading and want to refute me, by all means), but for some reason reading about it in this book made it feel very Men’s Rights Activist to me. Which is misguided, I know, since the dance world is different from the world at large. But at any rate, we now have dancing men and I am truly grateful, for many reasons.
Technology, Form/Content, Liberty, and Twyla Tharp (for the last time D:)
Sunday, July 24 – “Howling Near Heaven” by Marcia B. Siegel
On Sunday, I started off at Dollop Coffee (cute place, but they sadly did not have any pie when I was there). After taking a break to march with FURIE (Feminist Uprising to Resist Inequality and Exploitation) at Blame the System Not The Victim, I went to Two Zero Three for the afternoon (it’s a fancier coffee/wine bar, but I liked it a lot).
This book is one I’ve been meaning to read for an awfully long time, since Laura Wade recommended it to me. I read maybe 1/4 of it before the quarter ended and I had to give Laura her copy back, so I was really excited to finally get to finish it.
This did not reduce my love for Twyla in any way, but it didn’t necessarily blow my mind–her own autobiography told me pretty much everything this guy told me. There were, nevertheless, a few themes that stood out to me.
The first is the use of technology. Tharp used video in almost every aspect of her artistic process; she would videotape herself improvising to come up with material and then sometimes gave videos to her dancers so they could learn off of the video (especially when she was very pregnant) and she was one of the pioneers of putting dance on film. It’s exciting to see those sorts of things–things that we talk about and discuss in classes–coming to fruition on the page.
Another interesting concept that Siegel brought out with more definition than Tharp was the difference between form and content, and which of the two Tharp chose to make more complex at any given point in time. In this setting, by “form” I mean the overall arc and structure of the dance, and by “content” I mean the actual dance movements themselves. Tharp, argues Siegel, started her work with complex form and simple content, and then switched it. I know that I personally haven’t really made the distinction before, but it’s a really useful way for my brain to think about dancing and creating dance.
Another thing Tharp did a lot that we continue to see in modern dance choreography today was allowing her dancers to have some liberty with the movement, and building dances around the dancers she had. This is something I can appreciate a lot as a dancer and choreographer; pieces always tend to be stronger if they play to the dancers’ strengths.
Finally, in keeping with my tracking feminism throughout these books, I must note that Siegel describes Tharp as “no outspoken feminist,” though her work does reflect feminist notions. Again, a question of intention vs. product.
(Sorry again, Grossman).
Into The Sticks
It was a sunny, blue skied Thursday afternoon. Having some time to kill, I smoked a joint as I meandered down the street towards the D Line. I had a long drive ahead of me and I wanted to make it as relaxing as possible, for I knew that the rest of my day would not be as chill. I made my way to a small cafe in Fremont. I was rendezvousing with an old friend. They had set up the meeting. Also, they had the car.
The highway took us south out of Seattle. The cement and steel edifices quickly gave way to towering pines and rolling hills. Every mile seemed to solidify the anxious feeling that had started to well up in my stomach earlier that morning. We soon reached REDACTED and the roads started to become smaller, more winding, and the trees began to press in on us. I began to wonder if this pot inquiry had taken me too far, if this was the step that would take me into the deep end. Fairy tales as old as dust always warn you: “don’t stray off the beaten path”. It wasn’t until we turned off a small side road that it hit me. We were going off the grid.
I had been warned about NAME REDACTED. I had heard a few stories about what they were like, more cautionary tales than anything else. My contact had agreed to the meeting on the condition that they would receive complete anonymity. No names would be used. No personal details released. The conversation would not be recorded.
I couldn’t even call what we were driving on a road. It was a tunnel through the forest, with branches only an arm’s reach above the car. It was as if I was slowly rolling down the wood’s gullet and was waiting for the moment that I would be swallowed whole. We reached a gate with a very bold NO TRESPASSING sign prominently displayed. My compatriot said that she thought this looked right and began to drive through. I didn’t want to take any unnecessary chances but before I could speak up we were already on the property.
Mountain man, as I’ve begun to call him, welcomed us into his home, offering us some water before leading us into his office on the second floor. He pulled a black curtain across the windows before sitting down behind his desk. He asked some questions about the purpose behind my project and what I hoped to get out of it. Before we began, he asked us “Are you guys weed-heads?”.
As many of you know, I am a truthful man and, unless I have a good reason, I do not stray into the realm of falsehoods. Upon my response, mountain man procured a small glass bong, along with a couple nugs, and offered it to me. Not wanting to offend my host, I graciously accepted. After the smoke dissipated into the surrounding air, the interview began.
Perhaps, interview is the wrong word. Rambling lecture with unusual tangents occasionally punctuated by one of my questions would be a more apt description. You see, mountain man has been in the weed business for a long time. Long before the 502 recreational ballot had passed. Long before medical cannabis has been legal in Washington State. They’ve been growing for a long time and they had some strong opinions on the matter. I was talking with a cannabis outlaw.
Mountain man described himself as a soldier in the war on drugs, except he was fighting on the right side, the just side. He sacrificed a lot over the years but his faith in the cause always remained strong. He knew that one day the world would recognize all that he had done. He played a necessary role. For, without his efforts, we would not be where we are today. Weed was going to be a great boon for our society and mountain man helped get us there.
Mountain man started growing when he was young. In trying to get me to understand, he asked if I had ever seen the movie Goodfellas. The growers of his day were like that, minus the violence. They had money, they had power. They were gangsters.
The rest of the afternoon was taken up by talks of The Man and cannabis’ future. The phrase “hypocrisy of the police” came up quite a few times. I left the remote location with a bag of free weed, mountain man’s self published novel, and a lot to think about. While I would love to enumerate the topics we discussed and delve into their details, I unfortunately cannot. I have my promises to keep.
In other, completely unrelated news, I know what my play is going to be about.
Your inspired playwright,
Noah
Solo travel: where the mundane is exciting
I’ve written a lot about my research and the special sites of the trip, but of course there’s more to travel than the picturesque moments. Overall I probably spend a third of my waking hours doing research and a third experiencing local sites and culture. So what happens during the last third of the time? Here, in honor of completing half of my countries I describe the daily life of a circumnavigator:
Surviving: When abroad, the everyday things are about twice as complicated as normal. The first ATM rarely works, so I have to go to two or three more. Finding the bus stop without Google navigation means having to ask directions from a lot of strangers who don’t speak English. Solving travel issues means seeking WiFi in order to make affordable international calls. The good part about all of the effort is that the smallest feats seem notable. Figure out how to send a postcard when I accidently bought the wrong stamp in Argentina? Success. Take a bus in Brazil that involves a transfer? Basically on top of the world.
Eating: In case you can’t tell from my research topic, food is important to me. Every week I have a few special meals, a few airplane meals, a few skipped meals, and when all else fails, a spoonful of peanut butter and a Clif bar. All of the others I cook in the hostel or pick up off the street or in a random cafe. In South Africa everything was in English so I didn’t have much of a problem ordering food. I spoke enough Spanish to get by in Argentina, but once ate cake for lunch when I confused the words torta and tarta. In Brazil I usually recognized half of the Portuguese words on menus, so I would order and then be surprised by some of the ingredients. Luckily I’m an adventurous eater and don’t have any dietary restrictions. The food highlights of the trip so far by country –
Argentina: a delicious fatty river fish in Rosario, and some awesome pizza in Buenos Aires
Brazil: Escondidinho – a casserole of mashed cassava and pulled beef, and sagu – a sort of pudding typical of Parana state which consists of tapioca balls cooked in red wine, grape juice, and spices
South Africa: An ostrich burger, which tastes like beef but is less greasy, and a Zimbabwean style peanut curry
Sleeping: I stayed with friends for part of my time in Argentina and Brazil, but otherwise I stay in hostel bunk rooms. Of course there’s the occasional snorer or person coming back late drunk, but overall the hostels are amazing for meeting cool people from all over the world. It can be strange though – you’ll meet someone, spend 12 hours getting to know them and touring the city, and then you say goodbye forever. It’s really mystifying how the lives of two random people in the world can come together and apart so rapidly.
Being alone: The biggest myths of solo travel are that you’re always alone and that you’re never alone. Most days I have a busy interview schedule or find people to hang out with, but sometimes everyone has something else going on. Before I began the trip I feared that these solo days would be depressing. In reality they’ve been quite the opposite. I’ve learned see these days as an opportunity to wander through cities without structure, incorporate a run into my sightseeing, and have time for a coffee and self reflection. I’m really thankful that this trip has forced me to see the world solo, because I don’t think I would have had the courage to do it without the push. Now I would take another solo trip in an instant.
Well, that’s my description of how exciting the mundane can be. Coming up will be a wrap-up of South Africa and updates from Ghana. In case you’re wondering, I’ve arrived and am staying with a family in an AirBnB that already feels like home.
Lastly, a special shoutout to my thesis advisor Dr. Amanda Logan, whose research was recognized by NPR last week. She studies the history of food security in Ghana to show that instability from slavery and colonialism – not just drought – is the reason for hunger today. You can check out the article here: http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/07/20/486670144/an-archaeological-mystery-in-ghana-why-didn-t-past-droughts-spell-famine
Week 1 Highlights
Yes, I’ve run out of clever titles. Regardless, I wanted to share some updates from my first week of research in Singapore!
First, research related updates:
I’ve been in the library about 6-8 hours a day Monday-Saturday, mostly because I hadn’t anticipated how long going through the microfilm would take me. I spent about 2 days on the Colonial Office archives to soon find out from a helpful librarian (thank you, thank you, thank you) that they are digitized with an employee log-in. So, he helped me get them onto a thumb drive to be analyzed once I have more time in the U.S.
As a result, I’ve been spending the rest of my time on the Malaya Tribune, which was an English newspaper with primarily anglophone Asian readership from 1914-1951. Now, because of some pesky copyright laws, the newspaper is not digitized at all, and therefore not searchable. And this was in some respects helpful – for example, it allowed me to make an argument for actually coming to Singapore to do this research. However, I guess I didn’t think through how long it would actually take me to go through this paper – it’s a slow-going process! I’ve been trying to hone in on some specific dates and events. For example, I’m looking at the visits of Hollywood stars to Singapore, checking dates of the paper that I know a new colonial order was placed regulating film, etc. I’ve been a little bit frustrated because finding the reviews or general opinions on film that say anything interesting has been taking a very long time. If anything, though, this process has shown me just how much influence American film had in Singapore during the interwar period. Every single day there was a “Cinema Review” section, where it seems like American films were almost always reviewed glowingly, and took precedence over British films or others. Similarly, Fridays featured an entire cinema page, where film correspondents analyzed the ins and outs of “blonde vs. brunette” in MGM studio pictures, or Joan Crawford’s fashion preferences. I find this especially interesting – the intense focus on the cosmetics of Hollywood. I’ve also found some scandalous movie advertisement that sometimes took up the entire front page — these are from 1932, when Hollywood was still in the “Pre-Code” (pre- Production Code), era, so the films were especially lascivious (or “illicit,” if you prefer).
There have also been a few “slow news days” to keep me entertained…
Will the skirts be shorter? Does kittie win?
When not hunched over the microform reader, I’m having some fun too…
A friend from NU showed me around the Marina Bay area:
Also, a very kind Singaporean saw my blog because it was posted by one of my friends, and he offered to show me around some of his favorite spots in Singapore after expressing frustration that many Americans come to Singapore and only see more touristy spots. He showed me many places of worship in Singapore and showed me some of his favorite spots for Malay, Chinese, and Indian food. This was definitely one of my favorite days since I’ve been here – I felt like I could ask him about the history and contemporary political culture of Singapore and hear the opinions of someone who was born and raised here. If you’re curious, feel free to ask me – I don’t want to publish, but he had some very interesting things to say. It was also very heartwarming to see religious and cultural harmony here, especially as compared to the U.S. where there can be such polarization amongst religious groups. I entered Hindu and Buddhist temples within just a few yards of each other, and was welcomed kindly into a Sikh temple. This is definitely a day I’ll remember.
Aaaaand last but not least, today I went to MacRitchie Reservoir Park and hiked 15 km through the beautiful forest, took an invigorating (aka terrifying) TreeTop walk, and of course said hi to the macaques (I don’t think I missed my calling as a nature photographer).
Week 2: The Bittersweet Taste of *REAL* Research
By the end of Week 1, it seemed like I was making a quick yet substantial progress. I mean, isn’t reaching the first milestone on Day 3 at least *something*?
As it turned out on Monday of Week 2: not really.
Well, I guess yes, I did make a progress. That is, if you count convincing myself of the rationale of, and coming to terms with, the decision to ditch the entire platform I was planning to spend the entire summer on as a “progress”; if you count discarding the code base that showed the promising result (shown on the previous post) based on the same rationale as a “progress”; if you count learning how to get back up after dwelling in the disappointment from the setback for a few days as a “progress.”
The matrix-free agent-based model was shown on Monday to be a no-go.
Essentially, it ran too much more slowly than its matrix-utilizing counterpart to justify the advantage of being able to modularize the code as I explained in the URG proposal. Although it wouldn’t have surprised or bothered me so much if it ran just a bit more slowly, but it ran 70x more slowly than the other NetLogo code that relied heavily on matrices.
So the question became: what’s the point of using NetLogo if I have to use matrices anyway?
In fact, MATLAB was so much better in handling matrices than NetLogo was. For example, changing the size of a matrix could be done with one line of code in MATLAB, but in NetLogo it involved 1) converting a matrix into a list of lists, 2) adding/removing elements to/from the list of lists, and 3) converting the list of lists back into a matrix.
And that’s how I came to ditch NetLogo and agent-based modeling approach for this project.

On a brighter note, coming back to the summer living place in the evening and seeing this cute little bunny on the grass was quite a joy.
My next setback came at the end of this second week, when I attempted to speed up the current MATLAB code by incorporating the CUDA-integration features provided in MATLAB’s Parallel Computing Toolbox.
I thought letting the graphics processing units (GPUs) handle all the matrix multiplications done throughout the simulation would speed things up a lot. Prof. Riecke and I were hoping for at least 10x speedup compared to a pure CPU-based simulation.
The result? Little/no speedup.
Why was that? Upon looking further into it, I found out that the CPU is much faster on a per-core basis (~100x faster, according to the lecture note from the class on CUDA programming I took this past winter), which makes the problem size of this project (a few hundreds of neurons) too small to make the usage of GPU bring such a huge speedup. Furthermore, a good chunk of the matrix operations done in the MATLAB code were element-by-element, which also decreased the amount of opportunity for a huge speedup.
Welp.
But after all, this is what a real research was supposed to be about. There’s nothing worth doing that is easy. They say it’s something to be concerned about, not something to rejoice over, when everything goes as expected, with zero major obstacles. This is exactly what they mean when they say that. And after all, I’m getting a good dosage of what a REAL research life is about — what I’ll be experiencing in the graduate school on a daily basis.
What else can I ask for?
Week 1: First Milestone Achieved Already… Wait, Are You Sure?
After a week of spring quarter final exam madness and whatnot.. Here we go!
As in any self-motivated endeavor, I was off to a great start. Within the span of two hours, I got the basic skeleton of the code down. As stated in my URG proposal, the first three weeks were to be spent on building an agent-based model (ABM) code that reproduces the result generated by the MATLAB code written by Professor Riecke (my faculty advisor) and his graduate students. I was using this agent-based modeling platform called NetLogo (developed by Prof. Uri Wilensky at NU) — both because the platform was designed to be really easy to learn and because I had a prior experience with the platform, it wasn’t hard to get the basic skeleton down within the span of two hours. It looked like this:
Yes, I made this…only to completely revamp it by the end of next two days.
On Day 3, my model looked something like this:
You see, I was iterating fast. Really fast. Partly it was because I was excited to see aesthetically pleasing (and, as a matter of fact, consistent with the prior result!) results like the one above, but partly it was also because I ran into the first roadblock on Day 1 (within like five hours after start), which made me think that I should really buckle up, since it became more likely for there to be A LOT more ahead.
As it turned out on the first day, the simulation model I was envisioning was qualitatively different from Professor Riecke’s original model.
In highly technical terms, I was envisioning a model where the voltage for each postsynaptic neuron is updated each time a discrete synaptic firing occurs. In Prof. Riecke’s model, on the other hand, synaptic firing is treated in aggregate as a firing rate, whose value then changes over the simulated time according to a system of differential equations. Since I was describing neurons with their voltages instead of firing rates like Prof. Riecke’s model did, the two models could not be juxtaposed in the first place.
Essentially this meant, in non-technical terms, that I had to change the way I model from ground-up — from describing neurons with how much electric charge they have to describing them with how often they fire signals to one another. Because the second way of modeling was mostly governed by a system of differential equations, it was much more conducive to using matrix multiplications. Incidentally, NetLogo had a nice matrix extension for me to use.
By the end of the first week, building on the preliminary result from Day 3, I was figuring out a way to quantitatively verify the outputs. But there was one thing in my model that just seemed way off from that in the original model: the number of cells that are created throughout the simulation.
At the same time, I was creating another NetLogo code file, which also described neurons with how often they fire signals to one another, but without using any matrices. My next step for this project stage depended on how much better does this matrix-free version of NetLogo code performs than the one using matrices in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency (i.e., how fast the code runs).
So.. did the matrix-free code performed better? Or worse? Stay tuned!